Purchase Order: Definition, Process, and How to Create

Purchase Order Definition, Process, and How to Create

In the complex world of perishable business operations, the purchase order (PO) process is the unsung hero that keeps everything organized. If the purchase order process is done in an efficient manner, your perishable exports won’t stop growing. The lack of a standardized purchase order procedure can cause your business to risk wasting time and resources and eventually result in its downfall.

What is purchase order process?

Purchase Order Meaning In Business: A legal document that is prepared by the buyer to authorize a purchase transaction. This document is sent by a business to a supplier or vendor, including the details of the perishable goods, the quantity, and the cost. It serves as an agreement accepted by the buyer while purchasing perishable goods from the seller. The purchase order process benefits both parties as they specify the type of goods needed to be delivered on the mentioned timeline. This streamlines vendor management and maintains a record of the financial transactions to strengthen the business.

What are the steps involved in the Purchase Order process?

The purchase order procedure can serve as a legally binding agreement. If you want to create a purchase order, you must have an understanding of the purchase order definition. A business can use a purchase order strategy to create and handle the purchase order process easily.

The steps involved in the purchase order process are as follows:

  • Buyers create a purchase request: Remember to create a purchase request before sending the purchase order. This process ensures the purchasing department keeps a record of the requested goods. Before sending out the purchase order to the supplier, the first step is to create a purchase request. The company can also monitor their expenses with the help of purchase requisitions. Once the purchase request is approved by the authorized manager, the purchase order can be created.
  • Buyer generates a purchase order: The purchase order is created only when the perishable goods are intended to be purchased as agreed by both parties. The purchase order outlines the order dates, FOB shipping information , discount, names of the buyer and seller, description of the perishable goods being purchased, item number, price, quantity, and the PO number.

The PO number is a unique number specified for a particular order. It serves two main purposes.

  • Ordered goods should match the received ones.
  • The PO number aligns with the invoice and ensures that the buyer pays the correct amount for the goods as agreed upon. 
  • Seller accepts or rejects the Purchase Order: At the bottom of the purchase order, there is a dotted line for the seller's authorized manager to sign. The purchase order comes with all the transaction details and the buyer’s amount expectation. The seller can accept or reject the document once the seller receives the purchase order. But once the PO is accepted, both parties should abide by the legally binding contract.
  • Buyers monitor the Purchase Order: After placing an order, the purchase order will remain open. An open purchase means that the purchased goods are not delivered, or only a part of the order is received.

What are the various types of purchase orders?

In a procurement process, the POs are categorized as follows:

  • Standard Purchase Order: This is the most used PO. It includes information about the goods or services being purchased, their quantity, and their cost.
  • Blanket Purchase Order: This PO is used for repeated purchases and forms an agreement with a definite time period and fixed payment terms.
  • Planned Purchase Orders: The planned PO indicates a company's initial order with the intention of buying particular perishable commodities; however, the amount and delivery schedule are not confirmed.
  • Emergency Purchase Order: This purchase order (PO) is employed in emergency situations, allowing for expedited acquisition without following the usual approval processes.
  • Single-Source Purchase Order: This purchase order, which is directed towards a certain supplier, specifies the intent to acquire perishable products or services from them only.
  • Direct Purchase Order: The direct PO refers to the perishable goods bought from the suppliers without involving any negotiating parties.
  • Indirect Purchase Order: This PO is involved with non-production-related items such as maintenance, services, or equipment for the company.

What is included in the purchase order format?

Based on the intricacy of the transaction, industry standards, and organizational preferences, the purchase order format can vary. The important details needed for the transaction are as follows:

  • Information of the Header: It provides the details of the company, the buyer's and supplier’s names, addresses, contact details, and date of issuance.
  • Number of the Purchase Order: A unique PO identification number is allotted for monitoring and reference purposes.
  • Details of an Order: This list mentions the products or services being purchased, which includes descriptions, quantities, amounts, and unit costs.
  • Delivery Details: The shipment location, the intended delivery date, and other relevant information related to the delivery.
  • Terms of Payment: An agreement made on the condition of the payment, including due dates, currency, or any applicable discounts or fines.
  • Billing Details: If the billing address is different, the supplier should send the mail invoice to the billing address.
  • Added Terms and Conditions: Any particular rules, restrictions, or legal laws that are relevant to the transaction.
  • Legal Signatures: A space for the authorized representatives of the supplier and the buyer to sign to make sure that they agree to the terms.
  • Attached Documents: supporting records that provide the order with more context, such as product specifications, drawings, or contracts.

What are the benefits involved in the purchase order (PO)?

A constant, repetitive purchase order process offers various benefits to improve visibility, control, and efficiency. Some of the benefits of PO include:

Budget: A repeated PO enables you to evaluate your accounts correctly for all the relevant purchases and maintains a stable budget.

Manage the Order : An established PO process handles multiple orders at a time, also tracks shipments and receipts, manages inventory, and schedules production.

Financial Responsibility : A strong PO process maintains a record of cash flows and costs, which is regarded as a valuable asset for banks, auditors, and legal departments.

Resolve Disputes : In the PO process, preparing a legal contract between your business and your suppliers aids in defining roles and sorting out conflicts. It clearly outlines warranties, guarantees, and terms and conditions.

Some of the best practices to optimize the purchase order (PO) process are as follows:

  • Examine and evaluate your current PO.
  • Identify goal-oriented results.
  • Prepare written rules that are available to all parties involved in the PO process.
  • Make a list of your favorite suppliers.
  • Create groups for expenses and budgetary allowances.
  • Appoint a process manager who is an internal stakeholder.
  • Use means of technology.

PO tracking can be done through emails and spreadsheets or by using dedicated software. Using software to manage and simplify your PO process is an easy way to save money and time.

The main benefits of automating your purchase order process are as follows:

  • Reduced Repetition
  • Increase Transparency
  • Control Expenses
  • Centralized and Visual Data
Conclusion

In conclusion, a purchase order (PO) stands as a foundation in the procurement process, serving as a formal request for your perishable goods or services. It maintains clarity between buyers and suppliers by detailing specific requirements, prices, and terms. By following an efficient PO process, businesses can efficiently manage orders, enhance transparency, protect against discrepancies leading to easy transactions, and establish bonding between buyer and supplier.

With Citrus Freight , you can easily manage all your purchase orders from a single dashboard without any manual effort. It facilitates financial record-keeping, provides easy status updates, reduces miscommunication and missed orders, and ensures timely delivery of goods.